Interactive Media

Audio in Touchdesigner & Receiving data from Arduino

These tutorials aim to introduce some of the basis workflows and practices for working with audio in Touchdesigner, as well as provide students with external resources to continue on their research journey.

The tutorial is structured in 3 main sessions, each made up of a brief video tutorial and a more in-depth written description of some the operators used, as well as some extra tips and tricks to continue experimenting with.

Audio-Reactive Graphics

In this first session we'll set up a network to extract numerical data from an audio sample. The data is later used to animate a graphic, you can quickly test this set up out by animating the radius of a Circle TOP. 

 

While this brief video introduces the basis of extracting numerical values from a audio file, you can further explore the Audio Spectrum CHOP and it's parameters to filter out lower/higher frequencies, detect kicks in your audio file, etc. 

Mic-Input

Our laptop's microphone is an easy input to detect voices but can also act as a sensor to detect how many people are in a room or the type of event we are attending. In this second session we continue to work on audio-reactive content but use our microphone as source of input, we will explore how to adjust our new values to the visual.

Generative Sounds, Receiving data from Arduino

In the first two sessions we have explored the possibility of animating with sound, using audio as our source of input. In this session we look at sound as our final output, the result of other interactions happing in a physical realm. 

In this example, we begin by connecting a Force sensor to an Arduino and use the sensor to generate numerical values, which we will translate into sounds in Touchdesigner. We will use the Serial DAT operator to access Arduino's port and translate these numbers into CHOP values. We will use these as our interactive point of reference, to manipulate the Frequency of our waveform, from the Audio Oscillator CHOP.

 

While Touchdesigner might not have been initially designed with audio generation in mind, there are a couple of great resources online to help get some interesting sounds out of it: 

Owen Kirby is a audio-visual artist, he explores the audio-synthesis side of TouchDesigner in his YouTube channel and has hosted a super insightful TD meet up in 2020, where he share some files and his process: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xajdyh7kspk.

VSTs are virtual audio-synthesisers that allow you to easily enhance sounds, you can use a Audio VST CHOP to import these onto your network. You can read more about VSTs here.

Sending data to Arduino

When connected with Arduino, Touchdesigner becomes a powerful tool that makes use of external sensors to enhance immersive and interactive experiences. This brief tutorial will walk you through using Firmata, a protocol found both in Arduino IDE and Touchdesigner to enable communication between the softwares through serial. 

In Arduino

Connect your board to your computer and launch Arduino. Make sure your hardware matches the software by selecting the correct board and port from "Tools". For this tutorial we will connect a potentiometer, as input in our circuit, and a servo motor, as our output, to the Arduino board - It is important to note that, while we will connect these components to both send and receive data through Arduino and influence other another, this is not standard practice, as we will later see. 

Screenshot 2023-11-30 at 11.22.52.png

To load the code choose "File" > Examples, then select Firmata > StandardFirmata. Click on the arrow button Screenshot 2023-11-30 at 13.15.34.png to upload the code.

In Touchdesigner

A Firmata COMP is available in Touchdesigner to send and receive data through Arduino.

palette.png  To access it open the Palette and select Tools, where a list of components will appear.

Select firmata, drag and drop it anywhere in the interface. Click "p" on your keyboard to view the parameters window. From the sub-category "Firmata" in Port find the directory of your Arduino board then click on Active to turn on serial communication. To view the status of each pin in your Arduino board click on  Pulse  next to Query Version. 

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A list of all available pins will now appear in the operator; The first 17 valuePins correspond to the Digital pins on the Arduino board, while the valuePins between 18 and 23 correspond to the Analog pins on the board. For this reason you might notice some noise in valuePin18, which corresponds to our potentiometer's pin, A0. In the sub-category "Pin Values" find  Pin 18 - Analog  and "Enable Reporting" to receive data from Arduino, use your potentiometer to change this value.

In the sub-category "Pin Modes" find  Pin 9 . Here you will be presented with multiple options, in this case we will select "servo", however if we were using another component we could have selected the more generic "output" option. In the sub-category "Pin Values", use the slider next to  Pin 9  to activate your servo motor.

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Finally, solelny for this demostration, we will use the potentiometer's value to control our servo; Add a Select CHOP to your Firmata COMP and from  Channel Names  select valuePin18, next add a Null CHOP - I've renamed it "Potentiometer". Activate the operator, then drag and drop the channel in the parameter Pin 9(Servo) in the Firmata COMP. 

As mentioned before, this is not good practice hence we get an error *. A correct practice requires us to either send OR receive data through Arduino to manipulate visuals generated in Touchdesigner or use CHOPs to control external components.

Screenshot 2023-11-30 at 14.03.00 (2).png

* While our network might still run, the error indicates this practice is not reliable and might fail. If you are interested in controlling a physical output through a physical input you should proceed working in Arduino. 

Position-based Tracking using a Webcam

Tracking the position of people or objects can be useful when creating interactive projection mapping projects. In TouchDesigner there are various methods to achieve this; This tutorial will introduce you to some common techniques to determine the position of an object. Let's dive in!

To begin, open the VideoDeviceIn TOP and select your DEVICE in the parameters window - you can read more about operators and the parameters window here. Connect this operator to a Null TOP and activate the Display option by clicking on the blue dot in your node, this will allow you to easily monitor any alterations to your original source. 

Object Isolation 

The first method focuses on isolating your object by combining various TOPs to eliminate its background. It's important to note that this process begins outside of TouchDesigner, during scene setup in real life; Ensure your background has a solid, contrasting colour to your object.

In Touchdesigner, right-click on the connection line to INSERT a node to your network, here select the Level TOP. This operator is useful to adjust the brightness and contrast of your image. Use the sliders available to create a strong contrast between your object and background. Next add a Threshold TOP and change the COMPARATOR to Greater, then alter the THRESHOLD value to adjust the intensity of this effect. At this point your object should be highlighted in white, while the rest of your image should be transparent. 

Sequence%2001.gif

Tracking

Now that we have isolated our object from it's background we want to look for the white pixels in the image, to determine it's location. To do that we first have to size down our input's resolution, this way we will have less data to analyse while keeping readings accurate. In your network, just before the Threshold TOP, add a Resolution TOP and in the sub-category "Common" select your OUPUT RESOLUTION to be Eighth. 

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Afterwards add a TopTo CHOP to your threshold and in the sub-category "Crop" select your CROP to be Full Image. This converts the pixels in our image into channels, containing RGBA informations. 

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Our aim is to determine the position of the coloured pixels, to do so we'll be turning our channels into a table. To your TopTo CHOP node add a ChopTo DAT, this will turn the information retained in our channels into a series of 0s, where the pixels are transparent, and 1s, where the pixels are coloured. You can check your process by covering your camera with your hand, now the table in ChopTo DAT should be showing mostly 1s. 

Finally, we want to convert these 1s into X and Y co-ordinates within the image, which acts as our cartesian plane. Add a Constant CHOP and create two channels, let's name these X and Y.

constant.gif

Add an Execute DAT, this should not be connected to your network. Right-click on the node and select "Edit Contents in Textport", delete the current Python code and paste the following in. The comments, preceded by an hashtag, briefly explain the various sections of this script. 

# Defining begining of execution 
def onFrameStart(frame):
    if me.time.frame % 5 == 0:
        # Referencing operators in our network
        source = op('chopto1')
        output = op('constant1')

        # Initializing empty lists for rows and columns
        rows = []
        cols = []

        # Looping through the rows and columns of the 'chopto1' operator
        for x in range(source.numRows):
            for y in range(source.numCols):
                # Checking if the value at position (x, y) in 'chopto1' is equal to 1
                if source[x, y] == 1:
                    # If true, add the row and column indices to the respective lists
                    rows.append(x)
                    cols.append(y)

        # Calculating the center of the selected points
        centerx = (max(rows) - ((max(rows) - min(rows)) / 2)) / source.numRows
        centery = (max(cols) - ((max(cols) - min(cols)) / 2)) / source.numCols

        # Outputting new values to 'constant' operator
        output.par.value0 = centerx - 0.5
        output.par.value1 = centery - 0.5

        return

Close the textport and in the parameters window of Execute DAT, turn on the Frame Start to execute the above Python code at the start of every frame. Your object's x and y co-ordinates are now updated in real-time in the Constant CHOP. 

Colour Tracking

If you're planning to track multiple objects within the same area, the object isolation method might not be ideal. Instead you can track by colour; To achieve this, make sure your objects are of contrasting colours, as well as your background. 

Our input will once again be our webcam in VideoDeviceIn TOP, this time we will connect to a Level TOP not only to adjust the brightness and contrast, within the sub-category "Pre", but to isolate a specific colour. Have a play with parameters in the sub-categories "Range" and "RGBA", the aim here is to make one colour prevail on all others. 

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Once your selected object is darker than all others, add a ChannelMix TOP to your network and change the RGBA values here to only display your object (values should be between 0 and 1). At this point your object should be the only item visible in the scene. From here we start tracking, refer to the section above. 

Screenshot 2023-11-15 at 13.12.50.png

Position-specific detection

If you wish to base your interaction on a specific position, you can use a Circle TOP to generate a placeholder. Assign it a specific colour, in my case I'll be using red, and Composite both your placeholder as well as your tracking shape using the Multiply method; This ensure that when the shape is right above the placeholder it will show up as red. Add an Analyze TOP and convert it into a CHOP to access a numerical trigger, use it to make a video start playing, to switch to another graphic, etc. 

position-tracking.gif

Setting up Kinect in Touchdesigner

External sensors can help us integrate 3D notions such as depth within our graphics. In this tutorial we will look into setting up and using Kinect v2 and some of the other sensors available in CTL. Before we begin, it's important to note that unfortunately these devices are only compatible with Windows machines, however students can arrange with us to use the PCs available in the lab. 

Before we start, download the Software Development Kit (SDK) from here, if using Windows 8 or later versions. Open the app SDK Browser v2.0 and find the Kinect Configuration Verifier component, then hit run. A new window will come up; Here allow some time for the software to upload and update the status of your Kinect. My final settings looked like this (further help setting up Kinect is also available here. 

Screenshot 2024-01-08 131139.png

Kinect Studio, in the same list of components available from the SDK Browser, is another useful feature to develop immersive and interactive projects. Kinect Studio lets you record and loop a short video to feed Touchdesigner, helping you smoothly program interactions without having to constantly move in front of the sensor.

Click run to launch the app and in the top left corner of the interface, click on this button Screenshot 2024-01-08 131215.png to connect your sensor. You are now presented with a depth map, from the heading select Record and hit the record button.

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Once you've stopped recording move to the Play section of the interface and change the count to loop your video. 

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Your recording is now ready! Launch Touchdesigner and select Kinect TOP to view your recording, make sure that your hardware's version corresponds to your sensor, in the lab we offer both Kinect v1 and v2. 

Getting started with the OAK-D camera in Touchdesigner

The OAK-D Pro camera is an IR depth camera compatible with both Mac and Windows, making it a great alternative to the Kinect. This guide will show you how to set it up in TouchDesigner.

Connect the camera to your laptop and launch Touchdesigner. From the Operators panel find the OAK Device CHOP and Activate the chop, refresh the sensor list to find your camera. Click Initialize and wait for it to mark "Ready" (1) then press Start. This CHOP runs the code in Text DAT to capture RGB data from the camera, using the DepthAI library. To display this data, from the Operators panel find the OAK Select TOP. Open its parameter window, drag and drop your CHOP into the OAK Select TOP parameter 'OAK Device CHOP', then click on the arrow next to the Stream parameter and select 'rgb'. Your camera should now be running! 

import depthai as dai

def onInitialize(oakDeviceOp, callCount):
	return 0

def onInitializeFail(oakDeviceOp):
	parent().addScriptError(oakDeviceOp.scriptErrors())
	return

def onReady(oakDeviceOp):
	return
	
def onStart(oakDeviceOp):
	return

def whileRunning(oakDeviceOp):
    return

def onDone(oakDeviceOp):
	return

def createPipeline(oakDeviceOp):
    # Create pipeline
    pipeline = dai.Pipeline()

    # Define sources and outputs
    monoLeft = pipeline.create(dai.node.MonoCamera)
    monoRight = pipeline.create(dai.node.MonoCamera)
    depth = pipeline.create(dai.node.StereoDepth)
    xout = pipeline.create(dai.node.XLinkOut)

    # Set stream name
    xout.setStreamName("disparity")

    # Properties
    # Set the resolution for the mono cameras to 1280x800 (800P)
    monoLeft.setResolution(dai.MonoCameraProperties.SensorResolution.THE_800_P)
    monoLeft.setBoardSocket(dai.CameraBoardSocket.LEFT)
    monoRight.setResolution(dai.MonoCameraProperties.SensorResolution.THE_800_P)
    monoRight.setBoardSocket(dai.CameraBoardSocket.RIGHT)

    # Configure depth node
    depth.setDefaultProfilePreset(dai.node.StereoDepth.PresetMode.HIGH_DENSITY)
    depth.initialConfig.setMedianFilter(dai.MedianFilter.KERNEL_7x7)
    depth.initialConfig.setConfidenceThreshold(240)
    depth.setLeftRightCheck(True)
    depth.setExtendedDisparity(False)
    depth.setSubpixel(False)

    # Linking
    monoLeft.out.link(depth.left)
    monoRight.out.link(depth.right)
    depth.disparity.link(xout.input)

    return pipeline