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Making a Capacitive Touch Sensor

What is Capacitive Touch Sensing?

Simply put, it is the touch sensing of all conductive material including tinfoil, banana, plant, pencil drawing etc. In this tutorial, we will show you two types of Capacitive Touch Sensing: acute touch and proximity.

Library

ADCTouch will be used for acute touching. It provided the best accuracy without ANY external hardware.

CapacitiveSensor library will be used for proximity and/or acute touching. However, due the constraint of the physical circuit, reading might be sometime unreliable.

We have a tutorial on how to install a library here.

ADCTouch Library

This library makes use of the AVRs internal wiring to get decent resolution with just a single pin.

Wiring

Wiring is super simple with 1 wire:

  1. jumper wire to A0, another end with a piece of tinfoil

ADCTouchcircuit.png

Code

#include <ADCTouch.h>

#define TOUCHPIN A0

// set the touch sensor resolution: 
// higher means more stable results, at the cost of higher processing times
#define RESOLUTION 100

#define SMOOTH 100 // determine how many readings are stored for smoothing
#definefloat SMOOTHmultiplier 100= 1.2; // determen when the sensor is understood as "ON"
floatint multiplier = 1.2;previousReadings[SMOOTH]; // smooth data a little: the last readings
int previousReadings[SMOOTH];currentIndex = 0; // used for cycling through the array
int currentIndex = 0;reading; // the latest reading
int reading;

// calculate the average of the previous readings
int average(){
  unsigned long sum = 0;
  for(int i = 0; i < SMOOTH; i++){
    sum += previousReadings[i];
  }
  return sum / SMOOTH;
}


void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600); // serial communication
  pinMode(13,OUTPUT);
  // fill the [previousReaings] array with readings
  for(int i = 0; i < SMOOTH; i++){
    previousReadings[i] = ADCTouch.read(TOUCHPIN, RESOLUTION);
  }
}

void loop() {
  
  // read the sensor
  reading = ADCTouch.read(TOUCHPIN, RESOLUTION); // read the sensor
  Serial.println(reading);
  
  // check if triggered
  if(reading > average() * multiplier){
     digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
  }else
    digitalWrite(13, LOW);
    previousReadings[currentIndex] = reading;
    
    // set index for the next reading
    currentIndex++;
    
    // mnake sure [currentIndex] doesn't get out of bounds
    if(currentIndex >= SMOOTH){
      currentIndex = 0;
    }
  }    
}

To use this code you will need the ADCTouch Library.

CapacitiveSensor Library

The physical setup includes a medium to high value (100K ohm - 50M ohm) resistor between the send pin and the receive (sensor) pin. The receive pin is the sensor terminal. A wire connected to this pin with a piece of foil at the end makes a good sensor.

Wiring

  1. 10M ohm resistor between pin2 and pin4
  2. 1 wire to pin2 to tinfoil

CapacitiveSensorcircuit.png

Code

#include <CapacitiveSensor.h>

CapacitiveSensor   cs_4_2 = CapacitiveSensor(4,2);        // 10M resistor between pins 4 & 2, pin 2 is sensor pin, add a wire and or foil if desired

void setup()                    
{
   cs_4_2.set_CS_AutocaL_Millis(0xFFFFFFFF);     // turn off autocalibrate on channel 1 - just as an example
   Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop()                    
{
    long start = millis();
    long total1 =  cs_4_2.capacitiveSensor(30);

    Serial.print(millis() - start);        // check on performance in milliseconds
    Serial.print("\t");                    // tab character for debug windown spacing

    Serial.println(total1);                  // print sensor output 1

    delay(10);                             // arbitrary delay to limit data to serial port 
}

To use this code you will need the CapacitiveSensor Library.

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